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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to the learner-internal aspects, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they could draw on were crucial. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as a significant factor in their pragmatic choice to avoid expressing criticism of the strictness of a professor (see the second example). This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the practical important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test is a popular tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many strengths, but it also has some drawbacks. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and personal variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used in research or evaluation. Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This feature can help researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to investigate various issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and the choices made in lexical use. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners their speech. Recent research used an DCT as a tool to assess the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the most appropriate response. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other methods for collecting data. DCTs can be designed with specific language requirements, like design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and are based on the assumptions of the test designers. They aren't always precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually resist requests in real-world interaction. This issue calls for more research into alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse. A recent study examined DCT responses to requests made by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and utilized less hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. First, the MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on DCTs to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. 프라그마틱 무료 had to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations. The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that the CLKs often resorted to phrases like “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. For 프라그마틱 데모 , in Situations 3 and 12, the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days of the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders, were then coded. The coding was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine if they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners are hesitant to adhere to pragmatic norms that native speakers use. Recent research has attempted to answer this question by using various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were required to consider their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to create patterns that resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also spoke of external factors such as relational advantages. They outlined, for instance, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform more comfortably in terms of the cultural and linguistic norms at their university. However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they could face if they flouted the local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts may view them as “foreignersand consider them incompetent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should reconsider the usefulness of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will allow them to better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. This will also assist educators to improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative strategy that employs participant-centered, in-depth studies to study a specific subject. It is a method that uses numerous sources of data to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of research is useful for examining unique or complex subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods. In a case study the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic are important to investigate and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to read the literature on to the topic to gain a better understanding of the topic and place the case in a broader theoretical context. This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that L2 Korean learners were highly vulnerable to the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answer options that were literal interpretations of the prompts, deviating from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to add their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This lowered the quality of their answers. Furthermore, the participants of this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding knowledge of the world. The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their co-workers and were asked to select one of the following strategies to use when making a request. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and therefore was reluctant to inquire about the well-being of her friend with the burden of a job, even though she believed that native Koreans would do so.